Archaeology is the new secondary profession that you can learn in the upcoming World of Warcraft Expansion Cataclysm.
In a nutshell
There are archaeology sites marked as spades on the world map. To survey you travel to one of these dig sites (there are always 4) and use the survey skill to look for fragments. You’ll find a direction and range indicator in form of a scope with a red, yellow, green light to it.